where to dig for gems in pennsylvania

Official State fossil. It would be a good idea to investigate Bermudian Creek, Conewago Creek, and their tributaries. McAdoo. Thats okay! The Royal Peacock Opal Mine offers guests a chance to mine their own opals. The Susquehanna River is a large river that runs through central Pennsylvania. Yes, diamonds can be found in rivers. Lebanon County is an excellent place to find pyrite, garnets, and azurite, among others. A number of websites sell rough gemstones, and you can often find good deals if you take the time to look around. Just to the west of Scranton you can find Back Mountain Jewelry & Rock Shop which has a pretty good inventory. When it comes to finding fossils in Pennsylvania, note that they are prevalent in Paleozoic rocks in the central regions. The Wheatley Mines particularly the Brookdale Mine in Phoenixville, have produced many fantastic specimens. All you find are yours to keep! Montour Preserve in Danville lays claim to a one acre fossil pit, where explorers can find fossils that date back nearly 400 million years. Crater of Diamonds State Park Murfreesboro, Arkansas, 6. Scientific research can also benefit from them. Coal and iron are the most valuable resources mined in the state of Pennsylvania. garnets are found in three different forms in Pennsylvania. 3. Garnets may seem like a plausible candidate; however, the matter is far from settled. A wide range of prehistoric marine animals, including corals, mussels, clams, and trilobites, can be found. Because of the diamonds refractive index of 2.417 (at 589.3 nm), the diamonds adamantine brilliance can easily be seen inside. Some of these gems are found in the form of crystals, while others are found in the form of cryptocrystalline deposits. In 2014, David Anderson found a 6.19-carat white diamond in a field in Crater of Diamonds State Park in Arkansas. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, as long as you are collecting only for your own personal collection, you dont need to worry about obtaining a permit. Sapphires can be found in a variety of colors, but blue is the most common. The quartz tends to be very easy to find. In general, never give up on gold; rather, avoid it, and youll only end up scattering it and denying yourself any valuable metals. Rock Hammers and You How to Use Them (Safely!). The discovery of gold in western Pennsylvania has been known for only a few years. Jim Adams, a chapter member from Pitcairn, Pa., wades into a shallow spot in the river, bucket and pan in hand. Pyrite is used in crystal radio detectors in addition to being a crystal detector. Andradite, can be found at Cornwall Iron Mine as well as Teeter Quarry near Gettysburg. Where can I dig for gems in PA? Gem Sapphire Mine, Montana. Under normal conditions, a grapheme of carbon is the most stable and allotrope-like of carbon forms. Pyrite can be found in Lancaster County, at the Blue Ball Stone Company Quarry, the French Creek Mine in St. Peters Village near Chester County, in Lebanon County at the Cornwall Iron Mine, or in Berks and Luzerne Counties, and their surroundings. In Chester County, you can find quartz at the Brookdale Mine in Phoenixville or at the Rossville Road Cut. Beautiful samples of kyanite with distinct purplish-blue coloring have been found at appropriately-named Prospect Park near the Morton Homestead in Ridley township in Southeastern Pennsylvania. Make sure you check who owns the land youre planning to visit and get permission if needed. Diamonds can pass through rivers, streams, and glaciers that stretch far beyond the original volcanoes. There are a few small streams in Pennsylvania where you might be able to find some diamonds. Geodes, despite being an ancient form of rock and mineral exploration in Pennsylvania, are not among the many types of rocks and minerals found there. Pennsylvania is rich in minerals as well as fossils from a wide range of animals and plants. But can you tumble calcite? Old York Road was expanded . The missing gold was purportedly shipped by the Union Army at the time of the Battle of Gettysburg. Some of the best locations to rockhound in Pennsylvania include Valley Quarry Gettysburg & Fairfield, Constitution, Rossville Road Cut, Meckley's Quarry, Prospect Park, York County, Lancaster County, McAdoo, the Historic Crystal Cave, Mahantango Formation, the Southeastern Public Land region, The Echo mine, Chester Most of the old mines in the area will have some quantity of pyromorphite. The Morefield offers something for both the amateur or advanced rock hunter alike. If youre searching on public land, I would highly recommend this article I wrote detailing the legalities of rockhounding on every type of public land. If youre looking for something specific, this is a great place to look; contaminates can occasionally contain small minerals. You are welcome to leave with up to 0.45 kilogram of treasure for the cost of the dig ($10 for adults and $5 for kids ages 4 to 12). Pennsylvania is a great place to hunt for fossils. Pennsylvania is a great place to hunt for fossils. The Pennsylvania region is home to a wide range of quartz-family gemstones, including amethyst, agates, jasper, and petrified wood. This interest of mine has lasted until today, so I decided to create this website. Can You Tumble Calcite? where to dig for gems in pennsylvaniafeathered friend questions and answers. 619 East Passyunk Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19147, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, Introducing Opal 12e61c: The Latest In Advanced Composite Materials Engineering, Discovering The Rarity Of Black Opal: Uncovering The Precious Gemstones Unique Value, Is Opal Porous? by Saeed - Verified & Updated April 11, 2022 (This post may contain affiliate links.). A must have for every serious rockhound! York County is definitely the place to start particularly Codorus Stone and Supply Company Quarry in Emigsville. The Crater of Diamonds State Park in Arkansas is one of only a few places in the world where visitors can search for diamonds in their original volcanic deposits. Its not always easy to get started looking for good mineral samples, but there are wide varieties of gemstones and minerals to be found if you know where to look. McAdoo is a woodland area in Pennsylvania, and it's one of the best places for you to start your journey with rockhounding. With that being said, here are just a couple of the best locations and what you can find in Pennsylvania. You will likely need to bust up some fresh rock to find anything as this site has been heavily picked over by fellow rockhounds. Thats why its a good idea to have a GPS with you to help get back home. Garnet. The mine is a major supplier of diamonds for the jewelry industry, which is sold all over the world. . There are many gem stores in the city, and they are always willing to help people find the right gem for their needs. Quartz crystals can be found in a couple of places in Pennsylvania. As a sedimentary rock, limestone is great to search for since you can find other things inside of it, such as fossil fragments. Bright green and greyish colored samples have also been found in this area. Finding gemstones is quite easy; however, in some places, you will need to ask for permission first. Mineralogy and instrumentation are used in mineralogy and instrumentation. Plenty of mines across Pennsylvania are no longer active, and thus collectors may explore some of them. You can find trilobites, corals, mussels, clams, or other Devonian marine fossils in the Mahantango Formation, the Montour Fossil Pit in Danville, or the Swatara State Park. In geodes, you can find a large variety of different crystals. Carbon at the Earths surface is primarily a pure form of graphite, also known as carbon. A box containing 12 samples of Pennsylvania rocks and spaces for six more of your own rocks is $15.00. Gem Mountain is off the beaten track, but promises great rewards (like sapphires) if you make the effort to get there. They are scattered throughout the state; however, lets see exactly where you can find some popular minerals in Pennsylvania. There have been many gems discovered on the property over the years. The diamond itself is unquestionably one of the most important indicators. Quartz is available in Chester County from the Brookdale Mine in Phoenixville and the Rossville Road Cut. These are thought to be diamonds because of their isometric shapes and graphite because they were formed at great depths but were eventually transformed into graphite as they were obducted upward by the process of obducting. The Echo is close to another excellent rock collecting destination, McAdoo. For instance, at the Crater of Diamonds State Park, 12-year-old Michael Dettlaff recently found a 5 carat diamond, which with an estimated value of $15,000 was far better than any of the souvenirs in the visitor center. An old town myth claims that in this community, you will find seven gates that will allow you to enter Hell if you do the right thing and open them in the correct order. Aluvial mining is the process of sifting soil and sand from old river beds and stream beds to identify diamonds. The abandoned Pennsylvania turnpike, which spans 13 miles and was last used in 1968, is located in the southwestern part of the state. Taxes On Cartier Jewelry: How Much Can You Expect To Pay? Where can I dig for gems in PA? Several streams in the area are thought to be gold-bearing, with the most notable being those close to the towns of Dillsburg, Grantham, Wellsville, and Rossville. Pyrite is the primary source of lead, and lead is a chlorophosphate mineral. As with many other states, quartz-family gemstones are probably the most common and widespread minerals collected in Pennsylvania. Cherokee Ruby Mine Franklin, North Carolina, Is Dollar Shave Club Worth it? Petrified wood can be found in York Haven along the Susquehanna River, and trilobite fossils are present in Locust Lane, West Manchester Township, in the Kinzers Formation. Royal Peacock Mine - Virgin Valley, Nevada. January 5, 2023 by July. The only public diamond mine in North America is located at Craters of Diamonds State Park. Plenty of beautiful gemstones can be found in the state of Pennsylvania. The Morefield Gem Mine is one of the few operating mines in the United States where collecting is allowed on a regular basis. It is a museum dedicated to the story of the Johnstown Flood, which has rarely been told in Pennsylvania history. . Gold was first discovered here in the late 1830s, then re-discovered by a Union soldier north of Washington, D.C. in 1861. Mutter Museum is a medical museum in Philadelphias Center City neighborhood. In Cumberland County, turquoise has been discovered in residual clay west of Mt. Then, you have grocery and general living costs. Masontown Kimberlite diamonds are available in Greene and Fayette counties. There are several different types of blue gemstones that can be found in Pennsylvania. at one location! For the most accurate determination of rock hardness, it is advisable to use a Mohs scale test kit. Coal is a complex mixture of large organic molecules, including carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, as well as some nitrogen and sulfur. The trouble is that a lot of the best places to scour are on private land, so youll need to be sure to get permission before searching. Topaz in Texas The Best Places to Search! Pennsylvania gold is a type of fools gold that is found in the state of Pennsylvania. With all the coal in the United States, why arent more diamonds found here? Oct 2014 Family. You can begin your search at the Brookdale mine in Phoenixville, the Rossville road cut (a little more than half a mile north of Rossville on Old York Road). In addition to prehistoric corals, mussels, clams, and trilobites, there are some prehistoric oysters. The mining method is simple: scan the surface, sift the soil, and then sift the soil in water. BTW: Check out this amazing metal sign (Amazon link) which is perfect for everyone who loves rockhounding in Pennsylvania! And Minerals and Crystal River Gems in Pittsburgh. TIP:Calcite is a beautiful mineral but it is really soft. Hello, I am John.As a little boy, I was fascinated by stones and liked to take them home. Near Emigsville, at the Codorus Stone, and Supply Company Quarry, calcite has also been found. If you are inspired to search for longer, you can pay for additional buckets. - Continue -, You don't always have to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars to start a business, specially a home-based business. Both will produce some gold, and even small platinum nuggets have been found here. There are several different types of blue gemstones that can be found in . Media, Upper Providence Township, Delaware Co., Pennsylvania, USA. This is a strange structure known as the Coffee Pot in Bedford, Pennsylvania. The Corundum is a type of crystalline mineral composed of aluminum oxide. Many Attractions. This activity is sure to engage and educate kids of all ages! Plenty of these regions offer various things that one can collect, and some of them require you to have a permit, which can be easily obtained. You can find this beautiful crystal in places such as the Wheatly Mines in Phoenixville town, in Chester County, or the Brookdale Mine in Phoenixville. Legend has it that dozens of Civil War-era gold bars were lost or stolen near Dents Run about 135 miles northeast of Pittsburgh while en route to the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia more than 150 years ago. Read More In Western Pennsylvania I would recommend checking out the Appalachian Rock Shop & Jewelry Emporium in Butler County, as well as Geology Rocks! When we were walking about, look what we found on the ground! What are the leading mineral and rock commodities in Pennsylvania? Pleasant, Bart Township, Lancaster Co., Pennsylvania, USA. However, geodes are typically found in areas with volcanic activity, so it is unlikely that Pennsylvania would have many geodes. Quarries, outcrops, and gravels in Pennsylvanias southeastern part are ideal for rockhounds, particularly along the states border with Maryland. They are intelligent predators with extremely sharp senses of sight, smell and hearing (a fox can hear a mouse squeal from about 150 feet). Pyrite can also be found in the Cornwall Iron Mine, as well as azurite. Roadcuts, such as the Rossville Copper in Warrington Township, may contain malachite, azurite, and all sorts of other minerals and crystals, while on places such as Mud Grubb Lake, you can find quartz and even geodes. Be Careful and Follow These Tips! A total of seven tunnels were used by the original road, including those at Blue Mountain and Laurel Hill. You can find quartz crystals, rutile, rare pyromorphite, azurite, kyanite, eastonite, and plenty of other rare and beautiful crystals, all coming in different shapes and sizes! Other blue gemstones that can be found in Pennsylvania include blue topaz, blue tourmaline, and blue zircon. Starting in the Northwest, in the aptly nicknamed Treasure State, gem-hunters will find the oldest and largest sapphire mine in southwestern Montana off Highway 38 between the cities of Hamilton and Philipsburg. Gold is most often found in York and Lancaster counties. Garnet, chromite, ilmenite, clinopyroxene, olivine, and zircon are all indicators of diamond value as a result of their decreasing importance. Centralia is an old mining town in Pennsylvania that has nearly been completely abandoned in the last two decades. Quartz Crystals in Pennsylvania. Precious metals such as gold, silver, and copper have all been found in Pennsylvania. Agate Agate, a microcrystalline variety of quartz with a white to gray, dark blue, orange to red, black, or banded color, is available in a wide range of sizes and colors. There are several mines within walking distance of McAdoo, including the Brookdale Mine and Crystal Cave, which are accessible to . There is a rare volcanic rock known as Kimberlite, located near the village of Gates in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. 12. TIP:Amethyst can be found in igneous rocks. Blue Gemstones Found In Pennsylvania. Diamond mines can be found in a variety of locations throughout Pennsylvania, including Valley Quarry Gettysburg, Constitution, Rossville Road Cut, Meckleys Quarry, Prospect Park, York County, Lancaster County, McAdoo, the Historic Crystal Cave, Mahantango Formation, the Southeastern Public Land region Pennsylvania is an excellent place to look if you are interested in precious metals. You can also find williamsite in this area, another fairly rare mineral. Licensed under CC By 2.0. Diamonds are expected to be discovered in Wyoming and Colorado in the United States. Near the village of Gates, Pennsylvania, in Fayette County, is an occurrence of a rare type of volcanic rock called Kimberlite. . This site is devoted to sharing my love of rocks with you. This rock is very similar to that found in Kimberly, South Africa, where diamonds are mined. Pennsylvania is an excellent place to rockhound for minerals, crystals, and even some beautiful rocks and fossils. It will appear pale green in color, and if you are lucky, you may also stumble across another rarity here, namely the Williamite mineral. If you want to have a rockhounding adventure you wont forget, make plans to visit McAdoo. Mud Grubb Lake is another great option its an old abandoned iron mine and you can also find geodes and other minerals here. Tiffany mined Graves Mountain for the first time in Georgia in 1920. The bobcat, also known as the bay Iynx, wildcat, red lynx and swamp tiger, is the states only feline predator. The first rule of thumb is to use a metal detector in an environmentally sensitive manner; if you dont think carefully, you could damage the streambed or taint the water. It is a great region where rockhounding is permitted, or permits can be obtained to explore some incredible locations and find specimens of equal measure. There are also places where you can find ruby, sapphire, opal and many other gemstones. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a4fc8af4b9676d9d8fdc28a9173ea6b0" );document.getElementById("c9753391d8").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Join Panda Research and earn up to $50 per survey! Best GPS For Rockhounding: 3 Best GPSes of the Year 2021, Is Rock Tumbling Expensive? Understanding The Care & Maintenance Of This Precious Gemstone, Explore The Mysterious And Expensive World Of Fire Opal, Explore The Fascinating History And Uses Of Fake Opal: From Ancient Civilizations To Today, Exploring The Unique Conditions Of Lightning Ridge Australia: Mining For The Rare And Precious Black Opal, Caring For Your Fire Opal: Cleaning And Preserving A Beautiful Gemstone, Revolutionizing The Car Industry: The Opal GM A Perfect Balance Of Luxury Performance And Affordability, The Devastation Of Hurricane Opal: A 1995 Category 4 Storm. We film our digs and you can find them on our YouTube channel. Rutile crystals can also be found near the Maryland state line, near Fawn Grove on Route 851. The specimens range from a milky white to the more famous water clear crystals which most envision when they think of quartz. Find out the main differences and similarities between sedimentary and igneous rocks in the article below:Sedimentary vs. Igneous Rocks: Differences & Similarities. Best answer: How do you test a diamond with a tester? Maryland lies at the northern point of an East Coast gold belt that extends southward to Georgia and is mostly associated with the ancient metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont Plateau. There are three methods for locating your quarry: sluicing, creeking, and digging. This list, of course, is not exhaustive.The Pennsylvania Topographic and Geologic Survey once compiled a list of approximately 430 unique mineral species that could be found in the state. Diamond deposits have also been discovered in stream sediments as well as different types of placers. The Masontown Kimberlite is a diamond mine located in Fayette and Greene counties, Pennsylvania. After the Civil War, gold was mined for a . Tiffany Stone. When it comes to calcite, you can find it in places such as York County, at its central limestone belt. However, the most likely place to find diamonds in Pennsylvania is in the Susquehanna River. Many locations filmed are open for public digging, check out The Crystal Collector playlist on YouTube for open digs! Group Rates- 20 or more bags. Many of the mines mentioned in this article are abandoned but they are still owned by private entities or local municipalities. Courteous guides will lead you 125 feet underground while dislaying and explaining all that nature has created. Its the only place in the world that the public is allowed to search for diamonds. Invested in it lately? What gemstones are found in Pennsylvania? Gem sluice, Hiddenite, NC. Not only can you find Eastonite in Pennsylvania, but its one of the only places in the world you can find it! The Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD is expected to receive approximately 52 million euros in funding from the federal government and the State of Lower Saxony between 2019 and 2025. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); We have, in the past, shown you places where you can still pan for gold. When you search for diamonds and gold, you learn about the geology of the area and how the rocks and gems came about, and you discover how to appreciate the beauty hidden just underneath your feet. Sift the contents of your bag in the sluice, which is a trough with circulating water. In addition to the Brookdale Mine in Phoenixville, Pyroxymorphite can be found there. Lets talk about the most important gemstones that you can find in Pennsylvania and see precisely where you might cross paths with them! Youll need to get permission from the owners, but as long as crops arent actively being grown in the field at the time it usually isnt a problem. Some of the most famous rock hunting clubs in Pennsylvania include the Beaver County Rock & Mineral Society, Berks Mineralogical Society, Central Pennsylvania Rock & Mineral Club, Che-Hanna Rock & Mineral Club, Franklin County Rock & Mineral Club, or the Lancaster County Fossil & Mineral Club. You can find here specimens of geodes, rutile, pyromorphite, azurite, garnet, eastonite, kyanite, amethyst, pyrite, gold, calcite, obsidian, and more. Fee mining sites are places where you can pay a fee to dig for rocks, minerals, gold or gemstones and keep whatever you find. The best place to look for gems in Pennsylvania is in the city of Pittsburgh. Quarries, outcrops, and gravels in southeastern Pennsylvania, particularly along the Maryland state line, are the best places for rockhounds in the state. 97, about 0.5 mile west of Rt. Check out the complete breakdown of tumbling costs in the article below:Is Rock Tumbling Expensive? HowtoFindRocks.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. When it comes to gemstones, the state of Pennsylvania hasnt yet official designated a state gemstone of its own. Where Can I Dig For Gems In Pennsylvania? The Wagner Free Institute of Science, a revolutionary of the time founded by William Wagner, offered free educational courses to those who desired to learn more about the natural sciences. There are three sluice ways, and you get a bucketful of potential gems included with your entrance fee of $5. On Beadworks, you'll find information on everything from the different types of beads and gemstones available, to tips on how to create your own jewelry. Reputed to be as much as 500 million years old, they are hexagonal with points on each end. Other locations include the Merion Station or Miquon areas in Montgomery County, and Boothwyn in Delaware County. In Elk County, Benezette is an unincorporated community. Plan a day of fun with an 18-hole miniature golf course, our Dutch caf & ice cream parlor, and the souvenir and rock & mineral shop. Groups of children or young . Staff will also help you spot the stones that are worth further cleaning and treating. The carbon that forms at the Earths surface is truly stable, as opposed to carbon that is either pure or mixed with other elements. Filled with caves, and a rich animal and plant history, Pennsylvania is also known as the Keystone State. Western Pennsylvania offers large soft coal deposits while hard coal can be found in the eastern part of the State. There is a limestone belt in the central region of York County where calcite can be found. Pennsylvania has a significant amount of placer gold left behind from glacial drift thousands of years ago. Looking for some family fun? Quartz crystal of all types is commonly found in the state. What Gemstones Can be Found in Pennsylvania? The layered silicate minerals kaolinite and kaolinite are among the most widely found minerals on the planet. Hornfels metamorphic rock deposits can be found in the southeastern part of Pennsylvania. Company NMLS# 303719. where to dig for gems in pennsylvania. Is there any lost treasure in Pennsylvania? When was the first diamond discovered? Indian Cavern is open from Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend, and Saturdays and Sundays in April, May, September and October. I may receive a commission for purchases made through these links at no additional cost to you. The states rich culture is brought to life by a number of lesser-known attractions. The Clusters of Excellence are distinguished by their excellence in research at German universities. While what you can find here are not actually diamonds, but brilliant quartz crystals, there are plenty of them. Derived from the mantle and rarely from meteorites. There is no definitive answer, as rocks and minerals can be found all over the world. Captain Blackbeard's Lost Silver, said to be $1.5 million worth of silver bars. Today even though the hospital is not operating, the Pine Building is still anan functional space to explore. The best time to look for gems in a diamond field is after a rainstorm. Panning rivers for diamonds, or looking for diamonds or indicator materials from pipes like garnets, pyrite, or chromium dioxide, is how diamonds have traditionally been discovered, followed for a long time to their source. The cave temperature is a comfortable 54 degrees, however, a light sweater or jacket and . BTW: Do you want to know more about rock and mineral identification? Andradite garnets may be found near Gettysburg at the Teeter Quarry or at the Cornwall Iron Mine in Lebanon County. The mine is a great introduction for anyone, any age, who wants to find rocks, minerals, and gems and learn to identify them. Each 'panner' will receive a card identifying the found gems they mined. Mineral composition can tell you a lot about whether a potential host rock contains diamonds or not, including garnet, olivine, and ilmenite. The best ones are family-friendly, with low admission fees, equipment rental, and even cabins to rent. Kyanite can also be found on the small stream in Gross Road, Constitution. Dig for gemstones in the Historic mines in Maine. Best answer: Can you take a shower with a silver necklace? There are 23 hidden gems in Pennsylvania worth visiting, including the once-thriving ghost towns of the Victorian era and the magnificent Victorian museums. To the east in Lancaster County near the town of Quarryville, check out the Susquehanna River and Peter's Creek. The best place to look for gems in Pennsylvania is in the city of Pittsburgh. The admission is $7 for adults, and children are $4. The erosion of volcanic rock and the subsequent wash away of it are the causes of this phenomenon. Be Careful and Follow These Tips! Calcite crystals have a distinct characteristic that they always break down into rhombic crystals after being broken down into smaller pieces. Over 430 mineral species have been identified in Pennsylvania. Here, visitors are provided with the tools they need to dig through buckets of so-called "sapphire gravel" at the on-site wash trough in search of rough . Crystal Cave, on the other hand, is a fascinating place to visit due to its abundance of fluorescent gemstones. There are plenty of spaces designated for public use where collectors can do what they want, and then there are places in which you need to ask permission before taking anything, even a rock, fossil, or mineral. Participate in ResearchGate and ask questions, get feedback, and advance your research. Pocopson, Pocopson Township, Chester Co., Pennsylvania, USA. Please see our updated guidelines, click here. Eastonite, for example, is quite a rare mineral in the world, and it may be a good candidate. Because of its magnetic nature, magnetite is black or brownish-black in color and the most magnetic of all the naturally occurring metals. Diamonds have been discovered in India for more than 2,500 years. Maybe you have seen ads for the Dollar Shave Club and thought about buying - Continue -, Being a college student is expensive. Meshoppen Creek flows into the Susquehanna at Meshoppen and will also produce some color for a hard working prospector. Lets see where you can find some cool rocks in Pennsylvania! No reservations are needed; however, PLEASE SIGN IN at the Gift Shop before starting to mine!